{
  "annotation_id": "f9a104fa-5d81-4897-adca-4d4d2d718157",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:28.469000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:28.469000Z",
  "file_hash": "c38f24e5a0c74604b1164bf8d48f7ed6007048ba3f9cf9459857a9d1a67f876c",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "This paper presents an intuitive, geometrical derivation of the relativistic\naddition of velocities, and of the electromagnetic interaction between two\nuniformly moving charged particles, based on 2 spatial + 1 temporal dimensional\nMinkowski diagrams. We calculate the relativistic addition of velocities by\nprojecting the world-line of the particle on the spatio-temporal planes of the\nreference frames considered. We calculate the real component of the electro-\nmagnetic 4-force, in the proper reference frame of the source particle,\nstarting from the Coulomb force generated by a charged particle at rest. We\nthen obtain the imaginary component of the 4-force, in the same reference\nframe, from the requirement that the 4-force be orthogonal to the 4-velocity.\nThe 4-force is then projected on a real 3 dimensional space to get the Lorentz\nforce.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0003008",
    "authors": [
      "Calin Galeriu"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.ed-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Apeiron 10 (1), 2003, pp. 1-14.\n  https://cosmology.info/apeiron/journal_archive.html",
    "title": "Electromagnetic interaction between two uniformly moving charged   particles: a geometrical derivation using Minkowski diagrams",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0003008"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "39ffc96a-b316-44b8-8944-f05f1d267d5c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}