{
  "annotation_id": "f94e0505-0e60-483f-9a5c-4418153171cd",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:06.392000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:06.392000Z",
  "file_hash": "35d28a1a00870d5dd3a4f1db8c405b8e4aad40cc903dbabbd015868d1294156c",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "When can a quantum system of finite dimension be used to simulate another\nquantum system of finite dimension? What restricts the capacity of one system\nto simulate another? In this paper we complete the program of studying what\nsimulations can be done with entangling many-qudit Hamiltonians and local\nunitary control. By entangling we mean that every qudit is coupled to every\nother qudit, at least indirectly. We demonstrate that the only class of\nfinite-dimensional entangling Hamiltonians that aren\u0027t universal for simulation\nis the class of entangling Hamiltonians on qubits whose Pauli operator\nexpansion contains only terms coupling an odd number of systems, as identified\nby Bremner et. al. [Phys. Rev. A, 69, 012313 (2004)]. We show that in all other\ncases entangling many-qudit Hamiltonians are universal for simulation.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0405115",
    "authors": [
      "Michael J. Bremner",
      "Dave Bacon",
      "Michael A. Nielsen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.71.052312",
    "title": "Simulating Hamiltonian dynamics using many-qudit Hamiltonians and local   unitary control",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0405115"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4e826c4c-7257-4e8d-bb64-187d6fe573c2",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}