{
  "annotation_id": "f77dd42c-1009-4d2b-9210-a922c8c5ee75",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:25.127000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:25.127000Z",
  "file_hash": "7a5433d4ae951def8ea04f275304c68cde64b950c3e8bed3219adfcb07746b3d",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The k-calculus was advocated by Hermann Bondi as a means of explaining\nspecial relativity using only GCSE level mathematics and ideas. We review the\ncentral derivations, using proofs which are only a little more elegant than\nthose in Bondi\u0027s books, and extend his development to include the scalar\nproduct and the mass shell condition. As used by Bondi, k is the Doppler red\nshift, and we extend the k calculus to include the gravitational red shift and\ngive a derivation of Newton\u0027s law of gravity using only \u0027A\u0027 level calculus and\nbasic quantum mechanics.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9909048",
    "authors": [
      "Charles Francis"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Conceptual Foundations of Special and General Relativity",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9909048"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "0291be98-8052-495d-9ad8-9ebe36d20715",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}