{
  "annotation_id": "f308f80e-9139-474a-a5a2-6e239937379e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:38.610000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:38.610000Z",
  "file_hash": "922f0570e4278a804e52a6798b017de306ed6d5e586ebb5d6b87310c6b586f20",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Although the conditions for performing arbitrary unitary operations to\nsimulate the dynamics of a closed quantum system are well understood, the same\nis not true of the more general class of quantum operations (also known as\nsuperoperators) corresponding to the dynamics of open quantum systems. We\npropose a framework for the generation of Markovian quantum dynamics and study\nthe resources needed for universality. For the case of a single qubit, we show\nthat a single nonunitary process is necessary and sufficient to generate all\nunital Markovian quantum dynamics, whereas a set of processes parametrized by\none continuous parameter is needed in general. We also obtain preliminary\nresults for the unital case in higher dimensions.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0008070",
    "authors": [
      "Dave Bacon",
      "Andrew M. Childs",
      "Isaac L. Chuang",
      "Julia Kempe",
      "Debbie W. Leung",
      "Xinlan Zhou"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.64.062302",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 64, 062302 (2001)",
    "title": "Universal simulation of Markovian quantum dynamics",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0008070"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7051965d-12b0-4989-8fce-b0152bb8def6",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}