{
  "annotation_id": "edeeeff1-63e0-49e0-8873-31c423a24002",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.297000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.297000Z",
  "file_hash": "02e486769e27def7ddc42d98b1b207b88aa774a1d9f2258f9a60716b0c5926c9",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Free Electron Lasers driven by Super-Conducting Linacs require the\ngeneration, acceleration and transport of trains of bunches with high charge,\nhigh repetition rate and low emittance. A numerical model already developed for\nthe modeling of beam dynamics in SC Linacs has been now extended to treat RF\nguns with proper description of the photocathode bunch generation. The model\nalgorithm is based on a coupled integration of Newton and Maxwell equations\nunder a slowly varying envelope approximation for the time evolution of mode\namplitudes in the accelerating structure and an envelope equation description\nfor a set of bunch slices. In this way beam loading effects and higher order\nmodes excitation can be studied. The application to the TTF-FEL injector as a\nparticular design is presented and the optimization according to the invariant\nenvelope concept is discussed, in the frame of single bunch calculations\ncompared to the results of other multi-particle codes.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9807041",
    "authors": [
      "M. Ferrario",
      "L. Serafini"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.acc-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Multi-Bunch Dynamics in RF Photoinjectors Through an Envelope Equation   Approach",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9807041"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f1f435e9-ab34-406e-8cff-b0948bd483c5",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}