{
  "annotation_id": "ed1b0f23-9b56-4961-bc20-2da060a8876e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.034000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.034000Z",
  "file_hash": "b0803671fbe1a1d57e7311d4b32ccbf7aafb1f336cd38db9afd20b9a1a8463e8",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Semiclassical methods are used to study the nonlinear interaction of light in\nvacuum in the context of four wave mixing. This study is motivated by a desire\nto investigate the possibility of using recently developed powerful ultrashort\n(femtosecond) laser pulses to demonstrate the existence of nonlinear effects in\nvacuum, predicted by quantum electrodynamics (QED). An approach, similar to\nclassical nonlinear optics in a medium, is developed in this article. A third\norder nonlinear effective susceptibility of vacuum is then introduced .",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0203069",
    "authors": [
      "F. Moulin",
      "D. Bernard"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00169-8",
    "journal_ref": "Opt.Commun.164:137-144,1999",
    "title": "Four-wave interaction in gas and vacuum. Definition of a third order   nonlinear effective susceptibility in vacuum",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0203069"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "0262e863-797a-4eb5-b2ad-5e37214d2201",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}