{
  "annotation_id": "e9b21fd9-6314-41bf-9dd3-0f33f2d6a496",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.551000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.551000Z",
  "file_hash": "9ff65531b2ebfe4535ebdb3056e6a779eef60cb4877e44a4a9c0be5b99e7fea3",
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  "record": {
    "abstract": "It is argued that there is no evidence for causality as a metaphysical\nrelation in quantum phenomena. The assumption that there are no causal laws,\nbut only probabilities for physical processes constrained by symmetries, leads\nnaturally to quantum mechanics. In particular, an argument is made for why\nthere are probability amplitudes that are complex numbers, which obey the Born\nrule for quantum probabilities. This argument generalizes the Feynman path\nintegral formulation of quantum mechanics to include all possible actions that\nare allowed by symmetries, but only the lowest order terms are observable at\nthe presently accessible energy scales. The notion of relational reality is\nintroduced in order to give physical meaning to probabilities. This appears to\ngive rise to a new interpretation of quantum mechanics.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0112020",
    "authors": [
      "Jeeva Anandan"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1023/A:1023918429687",
    "journal_ref": "Foundations of Physics Letters, Vol. 15, No. 5, 415-438 (October\n  2002)",
    "title": "Causality, Symmetries, and Quantum Mechanics",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0112020"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a7eec9cb-6599-4044-a302-6a60cf7360e9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}