{
  "annotation_id": "e8f1c813-f00a-46a9-80bf-a58fd3392a22",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.284000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.284000Z",
  "file_hash": "006ade0529925b509bfd7b0a436f4ca52335ff960fe233e30217604c317008c0",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We report high speed optical modulation in a resonant tunneling relaxation\noscillator consisting of a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) integrated with a\nunipolar optical waveguide and incorporated in a package with a coplanar\nwaveguide transmission line. When appropriately biased, the RTD can provide\nwide-bandwidth electrical gain. For wavelengths near the material band-edge,\nsmall changes of the applied voltage give rise to large, high-speed\nelectro-absorption modulation of the light. We have observed optical modulation\nat frequencies up to 14 GHz, associated with sub harmonic injection locking of\nthe RTD oscillation at the fundamental mode of the coplanar transmission line,\nas well as generation of 33 ps optical pulses due to relaxation oscillation.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0503140",
    "authors": [
      "J. M. L. Figueiredo",
      "C. R. Stanley",
      "A. R. Boyd",
      "C. N. Ironside"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "physics.ins-det"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Appl. Phys. Lett., 74, 9, pp. 1197-1199 (Mar. 1999).",
    "title": "Optical modulation in a resonant tunneling relaxation oscillator",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0503140"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f9effc61-45e2-40a4-881e-5c12f94ef0ad",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}