{
  "annotation_id": "e63d6212-4f9d-4b46-976e-79b4fdbb5c02",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:56.813000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:56.813000Z",
  "file_hash": "41c50650cc055835f52d58a7a99458f40b6e12eca54952a9464ab4586c3b2aa1",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In this paper we have resolved the apparent paradox of different mechanical\nequations for force and torque governing the motion of a charged particle in\ndifferent inertial frames. The same paradox arises in all usual\n``explanations\u0027\u0027 of the Trouton-Noble experiment. It is shown that the real\ncause of the paradoxes is - \\emph{the use of three dimensional (3D)\nquantities}, e.g., $\\mathbf{E}$, $\\mathbf{B}$, $\\mathbf{F}$, $\\mathbf{L}$, $%\n\\mathbf{N}$, \\emph{their transformations and equations with them.} Instead of\nusing 3D quantities we deal with \\emph{4D geometric quantities, their Lorentz\ntransformations and equations with them}. In such treatment the paradoxes do\nnot appear. The explanation with \\emph{4D geometric quantities}% is in a\ncomplete agreement with the principle of relativity and with the Trouton-Noble\nexperiment.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0505013",
    "authors": [
      "Tomislav Ivezic"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Torque or no torque?! The resolution of the paradox using 4D geometric   quantities with the explanation of the Trouton-Noble experiment",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0505013"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a4e9f785-dfa9-49a6-866f-a305b95a850b",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}