{
  "annotation_id": "e61e0f11-e666-47b8-bdc6-bb15bbc2e419",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.586000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.586000Z",
  "file_hash": "ba1451c7d5de075cecaa6f8e369e79ea9a09c14ab2c7dfd456a2557320b930de",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We find a relationship between unitary transformations of the dynamics of\nquantum systems with time-dependent Hamiltonians and gauge theories. In\nparticular, we show that the nonrelativistic dynamics of spin-$\\frac12$\nparticles in a magnetic field $B^i (t)$ can be formulated in a natural way as\nan SU(2) gauge theory, with the magnetic field $B^i(t)$ playing the role of the\ngauge potential A^i. The present approach can also be applied to systems of n\nlevels with time-dependent potentials, U(n) being the gauge group. This\ngeometric interpretation provides a powerful method to find exact solutions of\nthe Schr\\\"odinger equation. The root of the present approach rests in the\nHermiticity property of the Hamiltonian operators involved. In addition, the\nrelationship with true gauge symmetries of n-level quantum systems is\ndiscussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9907023",
    "authors": [
      "Merced Montesinos",
      "Abdel P\u00e9rez-Lorenzana"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.60.2554",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev. A60 (1999) 2554",
    "title": "Exact solutions of n-level systems and gauge theories",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9907023"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "27036b46-a62c-4643-a2a0-3d7fac09c5b3",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}