{
  "annotation_id": "e1e6c642-b33b-4188-bb8b-7d40911f6177",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.518000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.518000Z",
  "file_hash": "e9dfac02f8b6eac20ca1c124f8145c54fd1df17a1439852f53faeafa0169feb8",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We consider the CNOT quantum gate as a physical action, i.e. as unitary in\ntime evolution of the two-qubit system. This points to the modeling of the\ninteraction Hamiltonian of the two-qubit system which would correspond to the\nCNOT transformation; the analysis naturally generalizes to the Toffoli gate.\nDespite nonuniqueness of the model of the interaction Hamiltonian, the analysis\ndistinguishes that the interaction Hamiltonian does not posses any global\n(rotational) symmetry. This forces us to conclude that the direct\n(non-mediated) interaction in the two-qubit system does not suffice for\nimplementing the CNOT gate. I.e., so as to be able succesfully to implement the\nCNOT transformation, a mediator (i.e. an external physical system interacting\nwith both of the qubits) is required.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9907011",
    "authors": [
      "Miroljub Dugic"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Quantum mechanical modeling of the CNOT (XOR) gate",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9907011"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5ce5f34a-3a0b-4bc9-877a-634eb4e9c3e9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}