{
  "annotation_id": "dff52d74-357d-4199-9804-1f99d13b5b18",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:00.937000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:00.937000Z",
  "file_hash": "76e88119b0bf95f66f0729dc4fa310b26fbaf6f63ed544f5ec68b3df0b0635cf",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We determine the volcano climate sensitivity and response time for the Mount\nPinatubo eruption. This is achieved using observational measurements of the\ntemperature anomalies of the lower troposphere and the aerosol optical density\n(AOD) in combination with a radiative forcing proxy for AOD. Using standard\nlinear response theory we find sensitivity = 0.18 +- 0.04 K/(W/m2), which\nimplies a negative feedback of -1.0 +- 0.4. The intrinsic response time is\n5.8+-1.0 months. Both results are contrary to the conventional paradigm that\nincludes long response times and positive feedback. In addition, we analyze the\noutgoing longwave radiation during the Pinatubo eruption and find that its time\ndependence follows the forcing much more closely than the temperature, and even\nhas an amplitude equal to that of the AOD proxy. This finding is independent of\nthe response time and feedback results.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0509166",
    "authors": [
      "David H. Douglass",
      "Robert S. Knox"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.geo-ph",
      "physics.ao-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1029/2004GL022119",
    "title": "Climate Forcing by the Volcanic Eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Revised   edition",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0509166"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "aa2cc765-f39e-4daf-bacf-eb86c93bc0de",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}