{
  "annotation_id": "de20f1f2-eb8b-45ff-aabe-852e68285c85",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:03.036000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:03.036000Z",
  "file_hash": "85f51deb480016731b0a81008f57d1aa5c4ca6a343635c370335db6745e122c1",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We demonstrate two techniques for studying the features of three-level\nsystems driven by two lasers (called control and probe), when the transitions\nare Doppler broadened as in room-temperature vapor. For $\\Lambda$-type systems,\nthe probe laser is split to produce a counter-propagating pump beam that\nsaturates the transition for the zero-velocity atoms. Probe transmission then\nshows Doppler-free peaks, which can even have sub-natural linewidth. For V-type\nsystems, the transmission of the control beam is detected as the probe laser is\nscanned. The signal shows Doppler-free peaks when the probe laser is resonant\nwith transitions for the zero-velocity group. Both techniques greatly simplify\nthe study of three-level systems since theoretical predictions can be directly\ncompared without complications from Doppler broadening and the presence of\nmultiple hyperfine levels in the spectrum.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0510088",
    "authors": [
      "Umakant D. Rapol",
      "Vasant Natarajan"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "physics.atom-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1140/epjd/e2003-00319-x",
    "journal_ref": "Eur. Phys. J. D 28, 317-322 (2004)",
    "title": "Doppler-free spectroscopy in driven three-level systems",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0510088"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "ab4b47eb-799d-4401-bf9e-f8a45bbf105e",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}