{
  "annotation_id": "dc44bdac-5706-400e-ad09-f3bb272b42e8",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:38.864000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:38.864000Z",
  "file_hash": "426ef37a5ba223d82ccf9c7e6d2f777d8e56313dfae79091882d57629194e515",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We study the Aharonov-Casher (AC) effect and the related He-McKellar-Wilkens\n(HMW) effect in 2+1 dimensions. In this restricted space these effects are the\nresult of the interaction of the electromagnetic field tensor with the dual of\na current. Transferring the dual operation from the current to the field tensor\nshows that this interaction may be reinterpreted as due to the interaction of\nan effective vector potential and a current, and the AC and HMW effects follow\nimmediately. A general proof of this for particles with an arbitrary spin is\nprovided.\n  The restriction to 2+1 dimensions, with this interpretation, provides a\nunified way of treating the AC and HMW effects for an arbitrary spin. Perhaps\nmore interestingly the treatment shows that a spin-0 particle can show AC and\nHMW effects, although it has no magnetic or electric dipole moment in the usual\nsense.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0009065",
    "authors": [
      "Xiao-Gang He",
      "B. J. McKellar"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "hep-ph",
      "hep-th",
      "physics.atom-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.64.022102",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev. A64 (2001) 022102",
    "title": "The Topological AC and HMW Effects, and the Dual Current in 2+1   Dimensions",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0009065"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d6f82848-8371-4a0e-b980-56580986e462",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}