{
  "annotation_id": "dc32a2c8-9ce9-4bc1-aa36-83fa0a485b18",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.230000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.230000Z",
  "file_hash": "11d38fa70380d96954623ad4cb0b30e9c9e1af848c9a4346d5fa239b02d45a1d",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A gedanken-experiment is proposed for `weighing\u0027\u0027 the total mass of a closed\nsystem from within the system. We prove that for an internal observer the time\n$\\tau$, required to measure the total energy with accuracy $\\Delta E$, is\nbounded according to $\\tau \\Delta E \u003e\\hbar $. This time-energy uncertainty\nprinciple for a closed system follows from the measurement back-reaction on the\nsystem. We generally examine what other conserved observables are in principle\nmeasurable within a closed system and what are the corresponding uncertainty\nrelations.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9906030",
    "authors": [
      "Yakir Aharonov",
      "Benni Reznik"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.1368",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.Lett.84:1368-1370,2000",
    "title": "``Weighing\u0027\u0027 a closed system and the time-energy uncertainty principle",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9906030"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7119dffb-af7b-4288-939e-d96aacf14fc3",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}