{
  "annotation_id": "d9224db6-f254-4287-b0b3-3c9529de870c",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:56.686000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:56.686000Z",
  "file_hash": "0a97ddcfc0620bfec972d4f76e7df65000a91e9fd02debc584d2f038d7e91f93",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We investigate the strongly correlated ion dynamics and the degree of\ncoupling achievable in the evolution of freely expanding ultracold neutral\nplasmas. We demonstrate that the ionic Coulomb coupling parameter $\\Gamma_{\\rm\ni}$ increases considerably in later stages of the expansion, reaching the\nstrongly coupled regime despite the well-known initial drop of $\\Gamma_{\\rm i}$\nto order unity due to disorder-induced heating. Furthermore, we formulate a\nsuitable measure of correlation and show th at $\\Gamma_{\\rm i}$ calculated from\nthe ionic temperature and density reflects the degree of order in the system if\nit is sufficiently close to a quasisteady state. At later times, however, the\nexpansion of the plasma cloud becomes faster than the relaxation of\ncorrelations, and the system does not reach thermodynamic equilibrium anymore.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0503008",
    "authors": [
      "T. Pohl",
      "T. Pattard",
      "J. M. Rost"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph",
      "physics.atom-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.205003",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 205003 (2005), (c) 2005 The American Physical\n  Society",
    "title": "Relaxation to non-equilibrium in expanding ultracold neutral plasmas",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0503008"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "ebf522d6-50ab-4489-a005-c41cb689f892",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}