{
  "annotation_id": "d892ad23-47a1-4341-ba89-60441f4221e8",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:17.056000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:17.056000Z",
  "file_hash": "cf41c390aacf9805ba135609cfc9bafdd81b1d2b23a3a6f43052b3e75da5eaab",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Two statements by von Neumann and a thought-experiment by Peres prompts a\ndiscussion on the notions of one-shot distinguishability, orthogonality,\nsemi-permeable diaphragm, and their thermodynamic implications. In the first\npart of the paper, these concepts are defined and discussed, and it is\nexplained that one-shot distinguishability and orthogonality are contradictory\nassumptions, from which one cannot rigorously draw any conclusion, concerning\ne.g. violations of the second law of thermodynamics. In the second part, we\nanalyse what happens when these contradictory assumptions comes, instead, from\n_two_ different observers, having different pieces of knowledge about a given\nphysical situation, and using incompatible density matrices to describe it.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0505229",
    "authors": [
      "P. G. L. Mana",
      "A. Maansson",
      "G. Bjoerk"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "On distinguishability, orthogonality, and violations of the second law:   contradictory assumptions, contrasting pieces of knowledge",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0505229"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "20ff94b2-73a8-468d-b6fe-af050736e593",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}