dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaComputational Mapping of Reactive Stroma in Prostate Cancer Yields Interpretable, Prognostic Biomarkers
| Authors | Mara Pleasure, Ekaterina Redekop, Dhakshina Ilango, Zichen Wang, Vedrana Ivezic, Kimberly Flores, Israa Laklouk, Jitin Makker, Gregory Fishbein, Anthony Sisk, William Speier, Corey W. Arnold |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | 2601.06360vv1 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06360 |
| License | http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ |
Abstract
Current histopathological grading of prostate cancer relies primarily on glandular architecture, largely overlooking the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present PROTAS, a deep learning framework that quantifies reactive stroma (RS) in routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides and links stromal morphology to underlying biology. PROTAS-defined RS is characterized by nuclear enlargement, collagen disorganization, and transcriptomic enrichment of contractile pathways. PROTAS detects RS robustly in the external Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) dataset and, using domain-adversarial training, generalizes to diagnostic biopsies. In head-to-head comparisons, PROTAS outperforms pathologists for RS detection, and spatial RS features predict biochemical recurrence independently of established prognostic variables (c-index 0.80). By capturing subtle stromal phenotypes associated with tumor progression, PROTAS provides an interpretable, scalable biomarker to refine risk stratification.
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"date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:07.567000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:07.567000Z",
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"record": {
"abstract": "Current histopathological grading of prostate cancer relies primarily on glandular architecture, largely overlooking the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present PROTAS, a deep learning framework that quantifies reactive stroma (RS) in routine hematoxylin and eosin (H\u0026E) slides and links stromal morphology to underlying biology. PROTAS-defined RS is characterized by nuclear enlargement, collagen disorganization, and transcriptomic enrichment of contractile pathways. PROTAS detects RS robustly in the external Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) dataset and, using domain-adversarial training, generalizes to diagnostic biopsies. In head-to-head comparisons, PROTAS outperforms pathologists for RS detection, and spatial RS features predict biochemical recurrence independently of established prognostic variables (c-index 0.80). By capturing subtle stromal phenotypes associated with tumor progression, PROTAS provides an interpretable, scalable biomarker to refine risk stratification.",
"arxiv_id": "2601.06360",
"authors": [
"Mara Pleasure",
"Ekaterina Redekop",
"Dhakshina Ilango",
"Zichen Wang",
"Vedrana Ivezic",
"Kimberly Flores",
"Israa Laklouk",
"Jitin Makker",
"Gregory Fishbein",
"Anthony Sisk",
"William Speier",
"Corey W. Arnold"
],
"categories": [
"q-bio.QM",
"cs.LG"
],
"license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
"title": "Computational Mapping of Reactive Stroma in Prostate Cancer Yields Interpretable, Prognostic Biomarkers",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.06360",
"version": "v1"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "145586e1-3d43-43a3-8876-780daf9031ae",
"id": "arXiv Dataset",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
"version": "0.1.0"
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"user_id": 1000002
}