{
  "annotation_id": "d7018049-1b02-4260-883c-1d93defb6e5b",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:24.141000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:24.141000Z",
  "file_hash": "0949cfa7609e41a46edd9fd7df2261706c30b58d4ceff5a3e5308c248d39966b",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We show that the group delay in tunneling is not a traversal time but a\nlifetime of stored energy or stored probability escaping through both ends of\nthe barrier. Because it is a lifetime associated with both forward\n(transmitted) and backward (reflected) fluxes, it cannot be used to define a\ngroup velocity for forward transit in cases where a wavepacket is mostly\nreflected. For photonic tunneling barriers the group delay is identical to the\ndwell time which is also a property of an entire wave function with reflected\nand transmitted components. Theoretical predictions and experimental reports of\nsuperluminal group velocities in barrier tunneling are re-interpreted.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0601085",
    "authors": [
      "Herbert G. Winful"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/8/6/101",
    "journal_ref": "New J. Phys. 8, 101 (2006) http://stacks.iop.org/1367-2630/8/101",
    "title": "The meaning of group delay in barrier tunneling: A re-examination of   superluminal group velocities",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0601085"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "88c49273-f5f7-467f-ba04-b832bab080e4",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}