{
  "annotation_id": "d571456d-9c25-4770-bb59-603f0646b5a1",
  "date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:19.289000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:19.289000Z",
  "file_hash": "bfb35be051073723bfc8a583dfaaeef6ddeef11d78759f285f6321518ac365ba",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Time-periodic modulation of a static system is a powerful method for realizing robust unidirectional topological states. So far, all such realizations have been based on interactions among $s$ orbitals, without incorporating inter-orbital couplings. Here, we demonstrate higher-orbital Floquet topological insulators by introducing periodically modulated couplings between the optical $s$ and $p$ orbitals in a square lattice. The staggered phase of the $s$-$p$ couplings gives rise to a synthetic uniform $\\pi$ magnetic flux per plaquette of the lattice, and periodic driving of the couplings opens a topological bandgap, characterized by the Floquet winding number. We image topological edge modes of $s$-$p$ orbitals traveling unidirectionally around a corner. Here, the topological phases are realized by a combined effect of the periodic driving and synthetic magnetic flux. Consequently, when the synthetic flux is turned off, the system becomes trivial over a range of driving parameters. Our results open a promising pathway for exploring topological phenomena by introducing the orbital degree of freedom.",
    "arxiv_id": "2601.08914",
    "authors": [
      "Gayathry Rajeevan",
      "Sebabrata Mukherjee"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "cond-mat.mes-hall",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "license": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
    "title": "Observation of Unidirectional s-p Orbital Topological Edge States in Driven Photonic Lattices",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08914",
    "version": "v1"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "39a6c45e-2653-4d1c-8f23-7f429bba9d9d",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}