{
  "annotation_id": "d40a64e5-2592-4504-9250-7b9696c36786",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:10.736000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:10.736000Z",
  "file_hash": "dde699d51a5517013ef7a2c926d198f5bdd65cc736988d031fbe9cd0dad5d6d7",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Depth distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in PMMA phantoms are\ncalculated within a Monte Carlo model for Heavy-Ion Therapy (MCHIT) based on\nthe GEANT4 toolkit (version 8.0). The calculated total production rates of\n$^{11}$C, $^{10}$C and $^{15}$O nuclei are compared with experimental data and\nwith corresponding results of the FLUKA and POSGEN codes. The distributions of\ne$^+$ annihilation points are obtained by simulating radioactive decay of\nunstable nuclei and transporting positrons in surrounding medium. A finite\nspatial resolution of the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is taken into\naccount in a simplified way. Depth distributions of $\\beta^+$-activity as seen\nby a PET scanner are calculated and compared to available data for PMMA\nphantoms. The calculated $\\beta^+$-activity profiles are in good agreement with\nPET data for proton and $^{12}$C beams at energies suitable for particle\ntherapy. The MCHIT capability to predict the $\\beta^+$-activity and dose\ndistributions in tissue-like materials of different chemical composition is\ndemonstrated.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0608017",
    "authors": [
      "Igor Pshenichnov",
      "Igor Mishustin",
      "Walter Greiner"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.med-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0031-9155/51/23/011",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Med. Biol. 51 (2006) 6099-6112",
    "title": "Distributions of positron-emitting nuclei in proton and carbon-ion   therapy studied with GEANT4",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0608017"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "88e63623-018f-460b-8a37-b51b50c4a7c6",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}