dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaDroplet beams for serial crystallography of proteins
| Authors | U. Weierstall, R. B. Doak, J. C. H. Spence, D. Starodub, D. Shapiro, P. Kennedy, J. Warner, G. G. Hembree, P. Fromme, H. Chapman |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | physics/0701129 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701129 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00348-007-0426-8 |
Abstract
Serial diffraction of proteins requires an injection method to deliver protein molecules - preferably uncharged, fully hydrated, spatially oriented, and with high flux - into the crossed beams of an alignment laser and a focused probe beam of electrons or X-rays of typically only a few tens of microns diameter. The aim of this work has been to examine several potential droplet sources as to their suitability for this task. We compare Rayleigh droplet sources, electrospray sources, nebulizers and aerojet-focused droplet sources using time-resolved optical images of the droplet beams. Shrinkage of droplets by evaporation as a means of removing most of the water surrounding the proteins is discussed. Experimental measurements of droplet size, conformation of proteins after passing through a Rayleigh jet, and triboelectric charging are presented and conclusions are drawn about the source configuration for serial diffraction. First experimental X-ray diffraction patterns from Rayleigh droplet beams doped with 100nm gold balls are shown.
{
"annotation_id": "d2f295a4-192f-4df1-bbba-95dbe8e564d6",
"date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.152000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.152000Z",
"file_hash": "09e9e0bd8b09448e54b7fc8fc948420460f0ae99d949a393e3d4061839c8c9c6",
"private": false,
"record": {
"abstract": "Serial diffraction of proteins requires an injection method to deliver\nprotein molecules - preferably uncharged, fully hydrated, spatially oriented,\nand with high flux - into the crossed beams of an alignment laser and a focused\nprobe beam of electrons or X-rays of typically only a few tens of microns\ndiameter. The aim of this work has been to examine several potential droplet\nsources as to their suitability for this task. We compare Rayleigh droplet\nsources, electrospray sources, nebulizers and aerojet-focused droplet sources\nusing time-resolved optical images of the droplet beams. Shrinkage of droplets\nby evaporation as a means of removing most of the water surrounding the\nproteins is discussed. Experimental measurements of droplet size, conformation\nof proteins after passing through a Rayleigh jet, and triboelectric charging\nare presented and conclusions are drawn about the source configuration for\nserial diffraction. First experimental X-ray diffraction patterns from Rayleigh\ndroplet beams doped with 100nm gold balls are shown.",
"arxiv_id": "physics/0701129",
"authors": [
"U. Weierstall",
"R. B. Doak",
"J. C. H. Spence",
"D. Starodub",
"D. Shapiro",
"P. Kennedy",
"J. Warner",
"G. G. Hembree",
"P. Fromme",
"H. Chapman"
],
"categories": [
"physics.optics",
"physics.bio-ph"
],
"doi": "10.1007/s00348-007-0426-8",
"title": "Droplet beams for serial crystallography of proteins",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701129"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "bb72da3c-b412-446b-b7e7-95c60bd0c873",
"id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
"version": "0.1.0"
},
"user_id": 1000002
}