{
  "annotation_id": "d2e0eb46-56d9-42f2-8bf7-d6428aa9198a",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.042000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:10.042000Z",
  "file_hash": "c2e6097a09764b5fdd7e9ec0c3c167f9f17b2c978e1e35b6fe34f0d34f3dbeea",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Quasi-set theory is a first order theory without identity, which allows us to\ncope with non-individuals in a sense. A weaker equivalence relation called\n``indistinguishability\u0027\u0027 is an extension of identity in the sense that if $x$\nis identical to $y$ then $x$ and $y$ are indistinguishable, although the\nreciprocal is not always valid. The interesting point is that quasi-set theory\nprovides us a useful mathematical background for dealing with collections of\nindistinguishable elementary quantum particles. In the present paper, however,\nwe show that even in quasi-set theory it is possible to label objects that are\nconsidered as non-individuals. We intend to prove that individuality has\nnothing to do with any labelling process at all, as suggested by some authors.\nWe discuss the physical interpretation of our results.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0408168",
    "authors": [
      "Adonai S. Sant\u0027Anna"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1007/s10702-005-1126-3",
    "title": "Labels for non-individuals",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0408168"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a1e0792d-e8da-4c96-940f-38ca1b3d6b24",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}