{
  "annotation_id": "d2628483-1cfb-4107-bb61-e5e367772b39",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.430000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.430000Z",
  "file_hash": "4bf6f34239034f0f9bbdf3256c4d41f3383713971e2aca7b7e62b80e024219fc",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We investigate the nonequilibrium steady-state thermodynamics of single\nBrownian macromolecules with inertia under feedback control in isothermal\nambient fluid. With the control being represented by a velocity-dependent\nexternal force, we find such open systems can have a negative entropy\nproduction rate and we develop a mesoscopic theory consistent with the second\nlaw. We propose an equilibrium condition and define a class of external forces,\nwhich includes a transverse Lorentz force, leading to equilibrium.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0303016",
    "authors": [
      "Kyung Hyuk Kim",
      "Hong Qian"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.120602",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 120602 (2004)",
    "title": "Entropy Production of Brownian Macromolecules with Inertia",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0303016"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "37e57c6f-fd30-4db7-98d5-17bb8b7972f7",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}