{
  "annotation_id": "cdee576a-9a3f-4d54-b405-c38bedd50c9c",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:49.726000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:49.726000Z",
  "file_hash": "b9a0080f5ac2bf36af9a2ea59e41e9346f2c60e1bb685a436bb64d80ba5a7609",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Recent technological advances have enabled to isolate, control and measure\nthe properties of a single atom, leading to the possibility to perform\nstatistics on the behavior of single quantum systems. These experiments have\nenabled to check a question which was out of reach previously: Is the\nstatistics of a repeatedly excitation of an atom N times equivalent to a single\nexcitation of an ensemble of N atoms? We present a new method to analyze\nquantum measurements which leads to the postulation that the answer is most\nprobably no. We discuss the merits of the analysis and its conclusion.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0405081",
    "authors": [
      "Ido Kanter",
      "Aviad Frydman",
      "Assaf Ater"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.atom-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1209/epl/i2004-10441-9",
    "journal_ref": "Europhysics Letters, 69 874 (2005)",
    "title": "Is a multiple excitation of a single atom equivalent to a single   excitation of an ensemble of atoms?",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0405081"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "a156b267-af04-48b4-85a9-6ca1b01756db",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}