dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaEinstein's Photon Concept Quantified by the Bohr Model of the Photon
| Authors | Geoffrey Hunter, Marian Kowalski, Camil Alexandrescu |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0506231 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506231 |
| DOI | 10.1063/1.2158738 |
Abstract
The photon is modeled as a monochromatic solution of Maxwell's equations confined as a soliton wave by the principle of causality of special relativity. The soliton travels rectilinearly at the speed of light. The solution can represent any of the known polarization (spin) states of the photon. For circularly polarized states the soliton's envelope is a circular ellipsoid whose length is the observed wavelength ($\lambda$), and whose diameter is $\lambda/\pi$; this envelope contains the electromagnetic energy of the wave ($h\nu=hc/\lambda$). The predicted size and shape is confirmed by experimental measurements: of the sub-picosecond time delay of the photo-electric effect, of the attenuation of undiffracted transmission through slits narrower than the soliton's diameter of $\lambda/\pi$, and by the threshold intensity required for the onset of multiphoton absorption in focussed laser beams. Inside the envelope the wave's amplitude increases linearly with the radial distance from the axis of propagation, being zero on the axis. Outside the envelope the wave is evanescent with an amplitude that decreases inversely with the radial distance from the axis. The evanescent wave is responsible for the observed double-slit interference phenomenon.
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"abstract": "The photon is modeled as a monochromatic solution of Maxwell\u0027s equations\nconfined as a soliton wave by the principle of causality of special relativity.\nThe soliton travels rectilinearly at the speed of light. The solution can\nrepresent any of the known polarization (spin) states of the photon. For\ncircularly polarized states the soliton\u0027s envelope is a circular ellipsoid\nwhose length is the observed wavelength ($\\lambda$), and whose diameter is\n$\\lambda/\\pi$; this envelope contains the electromagnetic energy of the wave\n($h\\nu=hc/\\lambda$). The predicted size and shape is confirmed by experimental\nmeasurements: of the sub-picosecond time delay of the photo-electric effect, of\nthe attenuation of undiffracted transmission through slits narrower than the\nsoliton\u0027s diameter of $\\lambda/\\pi$, and by the threshold intensity required\nfor the onset of multiphoton absorption in focussed laser beams. Inside the\nenvelope the wave\u0027s amplitude increases linearly with the radial distance from\nthe axis of propagation, being zero on the axis. Outside the envelope the wave\nis evanescent with an amplitude that decreases inversely with the radial\ndistance from the axis. The evanescent wave is responsible for the observed\ndouble-slit interference phenomenon.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0506231",
"authors": [
"Geoffrey Hunter",
"Marian Kowalski",
"Camil Alexandrescu"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"doi": "10.1063/1.2158738",
"title": "Einstein\u0027s Photon Concept Quantified by the Bohr Model of the Photon",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0506231"
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