{
  "annotation_id": "c9e59b1b-e243-4893-82a8-1c6823514d5f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.527000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:21.527000Z",
  "file_hash": "9cd1e42cc8e5581070fb66a82ca208214732db97f014f5b6f864d49540ddbd18",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Magnetically trapped neutral atoms can be cooled with the evaporation\ntechnique. This is typically done by using a radiofrequency (rf) field that\nadiabatically couples trapped and untrapped internal atomic states for atoms\nwith kinetic energies above a value set by the field frequency. The rf-field\ncan also induce nonadiabatic changes of internal atomic spin states (F,M) that\nlead to heating and enhanced loss of atoms. In this paper we use wave packet\nsimulations to show that the evaporation process can induce these nonadiabatic\ntransitions which change the internal spin state of doubly spin-polarized (2,2)\ntrapped atoms. We also verify the validity of a multistate Landau-Zener model\nin describing the nonadiabatic dynamics. In addition, we calculate exchange\nrelaxation rate coefficients for collisions between atoms in the (2,M) states\nof 23-Na atoms. Large exchange relaxation coefficients for 23-Na as compared to\n87-Rb F=2 suggest that evaporative cooling of (2,2) Na will be more difficult\nthan for the corresponding state of Rb.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/9807052",
    "authors": [
      "K. -A. Suominen",
      "E. Tiesinga",
      "P. S. Julienne"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.atom-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.58.3983",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 58, 3983-3992 (1998)",
    "title": "Nonadiabatic dynamics in evaporative cooling of trapped atoms by a radio   frequency field",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/9807052"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "49181dd7-2afd-41d4-b8fe-5bd652a6af9c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}