{
  "annotation_id": "c9d92bbc-d550-4716-bd6f-9e659306d57e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:37.790000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:37.790000Z",
  "file_hash": "740be3c5c41fc7f4b645944c53656f3cb1c726fa68ae46143583969b9aa71996",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The concept of intrinsic and operational observables in quantum mechanics is\nintroduced. It is argued that, in any realistic description of a quantum\nmeasurement that includes a detecting device, it is possible to construct from\nthe statistics of the recorded raw data a set of operational quantities that\ncorrespond to the intrinsic quantum mechanical observable. Using the concept of\nthe propensity and the associated operational positive operator valued measure\n(POVM) a general description of the operational algebra of quantum mechanical\nobservables is derived for a wide class of realistic detection schemes. This\ngeneral approach is illustrated by the example of an operational Malus\nmeasurement of the spin phases and by an analysis of the operational homodyne\ndetection of the phase of an optical field with a squeezed vacuum in the unused\nports.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9607008",
    "authors": [
      "Piotr Kochanski",
      "Krzysztof Wodkiewicz"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Intrinsic and Operational Observables in Quantum Mechanics",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9607008"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "62afd79d-cadb-4773-a164-7a189fc56696",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}