{
  "annotation_id": "c90b4ca3-189d-4019-b200-3a481260f804",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:04.961000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:04.961000Z",
  "file_hash": "8b10dba850c4c65254b08542ebdab050f568c0844179c2fd4306c263e84579f9",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model for simulating relativistic heavy-ion collisions\nis introduced. Alongside with two baryon-rich fluids, the new model considers\ntime-delayed evolution of a third, baryon-free (i.e. with zero net baryonic\ncharge) fluid of newly produced particles. Its evolution is delayed due to a\nformation time, during which the baryon-free fluid neither thermalizes nor\ninteracts with the baryon-rich fluids. After the formation it starts to\ninteract with the baryon-rich fluids and quickly gets thermalized. Within this\nmodel with pure hadronic equation of state, a systematic analysis of various\nobservables at incident energies between few and about 160A GeV has been done\nas well as comparison with results of transport models. We have succeeded to\nreasonably reproduce a great body of experimental data in the incident energy\nrange of E_{lab} = (1-160)A GeV. The list includes proton and pion rapidity\ndistributions, proton transverse-mass spectra, rapidity distributions of Lambda\nand antiLambda hyperons, elliptic flow of protons and pions (with the exception\nof proton v2 at 40A GeV), multiplicities of pions, positive kaons, phi-mesons,\nhyperons and antihyperons, including multi-strange particles. This agreement is\nachieved on the expense of substantial enhancement of the interflow friction as\ncompared to that estimated proceeding from hadronic free cross sections.\nHowever, we have also found out certain problems. The calculated yield of K^-\nis approximately by a factor of 1.5 higher than that in the experiment. We have\nalso failed to describe directed transverse flow of protons and pion at E_{lab}\n\u003e 40A GeV. This failure apparently indicates that the used EoS is too hard and\nthereby leaves room for a phase transition.",
    "arxiv_id": "nucl-th/0503088",
    "authors": [
      "Yu. B. Ivanov",
      "V. N. Russkikh",
      "V. D. Toneev"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "nucl-th",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevC.73.044904",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.C73:044904,2006",
    "title": "Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions within 3-Fluid Hydrodynamics: Hadronic   Scenario",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0503088"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "63ace952-ce2d-4f10-893d-391a412fcfa9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}