{
  "annotation_id": "c5c0c114-82c7-432f-ab17-12f8a92958d6",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.988000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.988000Z",
  "file_hash": "5a99ab4fecf21c80acb8b7c6aa5a95a286b144d0971f9b9281445609b8f89a05",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The most well tested and successful model of particle physics is the Standard\nModel (SM). It is shown here that the restoration of the full SM symmetry (as\nin the Early Universe) leads to the result that the electric charge loses all\nphysical meaning and hence does not exist above this scale, As a direct\nconsequence of this we show that `time\u0027, `light\u0027 along with its velocity c and\ntherefore the theory of relativity, all lose any physical meaning. The\nspace-time structure as known to us, disappears in this phase transition. Thus\nit is hypothesized that the Universe came into existence when the SM symmetry $\nSU(3)_c \\otimes SU(2)_L \\otimes U(1)_Y $ was spontaneously broken to $ SU(3)_c\n\\otimes U(1)_{em} $. This does not require any spurious extensions of the SM\nand in a natural and consistent manner explains the origin of the Universe\nwithin the framework of the SM itself. Thus the SM, in addition to all its\nsuccesses, has within itself, the capablity of giving a consistent decription\nof the origin of the Universe.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0106079",
    "authors": [
      "Afsar Abbas"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "The Early Universe and the Standard Model of Particle Physics",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0106079"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c0d07842-c4cf-4877-b3af-ab831e4145bc",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}