{
  "annotation_id": "c1090673-dca8-4b8d-ab05-23b3e515b28a",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:22.193000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:22.193000Z",
  "file_hash": "388910ea90aecc6d118f8809cc702f5d10aacfe70e967cad5d790fa3b13f752a",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Coulomb effects on $\\pi^\\pm$ and $K^\\pm$ spectra in relativistic nuclear\ncollisions are investigated. At collision energies around 1 GeV the ratio of\n$\\pi^-$ to $\\pi^+$ is enhanced several times at low transverse momenta but less\nat ultrarelativistic energies. We describe the ratios at SIS, AGS and SPS\nenergies with simple analytic models as well as more elaborate numerical models\nincorporating the expansion dynamics. The Coulomb effect depends on the\nproperties of the source after the violent collision phase and provides\ninformation on source sizes, freeze-out times, and expansion velocities.\nComparison with results from HBT analyses are made. Predictions for $\\pi^\\pm$\nand $K^\\pm$ at RHIC and LHC energies are given.",
    "arxiv_id": "nucl-th/9711064",
    "authors": [
      "H. W. Barz",
      "J. P. Bondorf",
      "J. J. Gaardhoje",
      "H. Heiselberg"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "nucl-th",
      "hep-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevC.57.2536",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.C57:2536-2546,1998",
    "title": "Coulomb Effects on Particle Spectra in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/9711064"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "86a2d983-47a4-4113-9dd5-37e65bf63496",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}