{
  "annotation_id": "c00d526a-a427-48ed-9d36-a98853456c50",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.653000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.653000Z",
  "file_hash": "84b9f0a05f59552bd286b8e70e828467dafb8fba53c3cd4397db8ac37ed93880",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A general discussion is given for first-kind (FK) and quantum non-demolition\n(QND) measurements. The general conditions for these measurements are derived,\nincluding the most general one (called the weak condition), an intermediate\none, and the strongest one. The weak condition indicates that we can realize a\nFK or QND measuring apparatus of wide classes of observables by allowing the\napparatus to have a finite response range. A recently-proposed QND\nphotodetector using an electron interferometer is an example of such apparatus.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9804026",
    "authors": [
      "Akira Shimizu",
      "Kazuko Fujita"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Quantum Control and Measurement, H. Ezawa and Y. Murayama, eds.,\n  North-Holland, Amsterdam (1993) pp. 191-196",
    "title": "First-kind measurements, non-demolition measurements, and conservation   laws",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9804026"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "3075adb2-d7fc-418b-b330-5d5bfc4aa81c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}