{
  "annotation_id": "bdbd041f-9b37-4f98-b280-7d0aef55d0eb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.871000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:39.871000Z",
  "file_hash": "a4bfe2634c5d577c603834f1408ceb9cb21f00bcac21b47c3bbaac7370c8243f",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In quantum electrodynamics, photon--photon scattering can be the result of\nthe exchange of virtual electron--positron pairs. Effectively, this gives rise\nto self-interaction terms in Maxwell\u0027s equations, similar to the nonlinearities\ndue to polarization in nonlinear optics. These self-interaction terms vanish in\nthe limit of parallel propagating waves. However if the modes generated in\nbounded regions are used, there will be a non-zero total effect. We show that\nstationary two-dimensional light bullets can form in guiding structures, due to\nthe balancing effect of quantum electrodynamical vacuum nonlinearities on\ndispersion and diffraction. These light bullets are unstable and exhibit the\npossibility of self-focusing collapse. The consequences of our results are also\ndiscussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0204013",
    "authors": [
      "G. Brodin",
      "L. Stenflo",
      "D. Anderson",
      "M. Lisak",
      "M. Marklund",
      "P. Johannisson"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.optics",
      "hep-th",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01512-8",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Lett. A306 (2003) 206-210",
    "title": "Light bullets and optical collapse in vacuum",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0204013"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "08d7a3bc-131c-472d-a749-0b283c0dcaf4",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}