{
  "annotation_id": "b80dc817-c47d-4480-90d2-819ea40d45b0",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.207000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.207000Z",
  "file_hash": "c7a22b90d0ad7706a16157382f6014ce04e6d6b327a9d91d5abf02a2e7323ff2",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In this paper I shall demonstrate that an analysis of the concept of\n\"efficiency loophole\" leads to the conclusion that any type of charge carried\nby and elementary particle must be distributed on the surface of a\nnon-spherical object. As a result I shall show that; for example, the\neletrostatic field of an electron as seen by an observer, must be in the form\nof quantized superluminal pulses. Therefore, \"efficiency loophole\" cannot be\nused in support of local realistic models. In view of the available\nexperimental results we conclude that a local realistic interpretation of\nquantum mechanics has now been empirically refuted. However, it can be shown\nthat the inferred superluminal signals do not necessarily contradict the facts\nof Lorentz transormations and only introduce a weak non-locality into the laws\nof nature. For this reason we make a preliminary investigation about a possible\nconnection between quantum mechanics and non-spherical charge distributions. We\nconclude that this idea deserves to be further investigated and its validity or\notherwise can be verified experimentally.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0211102",
    "authors": [
      "M. R. Mahdavi"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "On the concept of \"efficiency loophole\" and rejection of local realism",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0211102"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "986c89fa-a5ff-4bb9-9f37-6078d43779ec",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}