{
  "annotation_id": "b7d564e7-87ff-4ecc-a5a3-5ce90879e887",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:59.807000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:59.807000Z",
  "file_hash": "e691bbf0be2ea69b7f7dc47128eb39427d6eb6d856fe10e1885c4352ba9fb299",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We have studied the statistical mechanics of money circulation in a closed\neconomic system. An explicit statistical formulation of the circulation\nvelocity of money is presented for the first time by introducing the concept of\nholding time of money. The result indicates that the velocity is governed by\nbehavior patterns of economic agents. Computer simulations have been carried\nout in order to demonstrate the shape of the holding time distribution. We find\nthat, money circulation is a Poisson process in which the holding time\nprobability distribution follows a type of Gamma distribution, and the velocity\nof money depends on the share for exchange and the number of agents.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0507147",
    "authors": [
      "Yougui Wang",
      "Ning Ding",
      "Li Zhang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.soc-ph",
      "cond-mat.stat-mech",
      "q-fin.GN"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0378-4371(03)00074-8",
    "journal_ref": "Physica A 324 (3-4), 665(2003)",
    "title": "The Circulation of Money and Holding Time Distribution",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0507147"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5ca87575-5f11-4ccf-90de-62dcad0bce8f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}