{
  "annotation_id": "b47d5adf-3c12-4e60-a1ef-4e24f188c461",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.179000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.179000Z",
  "file_hash": "2799ff3116920ab00a20d76fcf300dbfbb177262d143adc7168161a2d0bda9b2",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a molecular dynamics study of force patterns, tensile strength and\ncrack formation in a cohesive granular model where the particles are subjected\nto swelling or shrinkage gradients. Non-uniform particle size change generates\nself-equilibrated forces that lead to crack initiation as soon as strongest\ntensile contacts begin to fail. We find that the coarse-grained stresses are\ncorrectly predicted by an elastic model that incorporates particle size change\nas metric evolution. The tensile strength is found to be well below the\ntheoretical strength as a result of inhomogeneous force transmission in\ngranular media. The cracks propagate either inward from the edge upon shrinkage\nand outward from the center upon swelling.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0410105",
    "authors": [
      "Moulay Said El Youssoufi",
      "Jean-Yves Delenne",
      "Farhang Radjai"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "cond-mat.soft"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.71.051307",
    "journal_ref": "Physical Review E 71 (2005) 051307",
    "title": "Self-stresses and Crack Formation by Particle Swelling in Cohesive   Granular Media",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0410105"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "ce1bfa16-137d-4acd-b33f-552417d2df61",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}