{
  "annotation_id": "b29091cf-eb40-4b96-a5e5-e7c9e76a457f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:44.481000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:44.481000Z",
  "file_hash": "ffea2687afd5c64a180fc236a3fb6d9c1c810c884683be842ddd4774d7f042d9",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A particle is always not pure. It always contains hiding antiparticle\ningredient which is the essence of special relativity. Accordingly, the\nKlein-Gordon (KG) equation and Dirac equation are restudied and compared with\nthe Relativistic Stationary Schr\\\"odinger Equation (RSSE). When an electron is\nbound in a Hydrogenlike atom with pointlike nucleus having charge number $Z$,\nthe critical value of $Z, Z_c$, equals to 137 in Dirac equation whereas\n$Z_c=\\sqrt{M/\\mu} (137)$ in RSSE with $M$ and $\\mu$ being the total mass of\natom and the reduced mass of the electron.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9901018",
    "authors": [
      "Guang-jiong Ni",
      "Weimin Zhou",
      "Jun Yan"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Comparison among Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac equation and Relativistic   Stationary Schrodinger equation",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9901018"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "50fa7ed3-2763-4824-bc2c-b4cbc0b54147",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}