{
  "annotation_id": "b0dab8c3-e300-4261-859e-560385c763a1",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.303000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:48.303000Z",
  "file_hash": "243900dd6be4244a43087893431cc6be448a532816f91dd8004a6bf5a48b6cf0",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "An exact reduced-density-operator for the output quantum states in\ntime-convolutionless form was derived by solving the quantum Liouville equation\nwhich governs the dynamics of a noisy quantum channel by using a projection\noperator method and both advanced and retarded propagators in time. The\nformalism developed in this work is general enough to model a noisy quantum\nchannel provided specific forms of the Hamiltonians for the system, reservoir,\nand the mutual interaction between the system and the reservoir are given.\nThen, we apply the formulation to model a two-bit quantum gate composed of\ncoupled spin systems in which the Heisenberg coupling is controlled by the\ntunneling barrier between neighboring quantum dots. Gate Characteristics\nincluding the entropy, fidelity, and purity are calculated numerically for both\nmixed and entangled initial states.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9907074",
    "authors": [
      "D. Ahn",
      "J. H. Oh",
      "K. Kimm",
      "S. W. Hwang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.61.052310",
    "title": "Time-convolutionless reduced-density-operator theory of a noisy quantum   channel: a two-bit quantum gate for quantum information processing",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9907074"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7d93e8bd-e69f-4d1a-bd56-445ca6d4216f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}