{
  "annotation_id": "b0639df7-c101-44ec-b59d-393268b7becc",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:39.259000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:39.259000Z",
  "file_hash": "815a66e2357875713a65ecd2a54d309fb3deb33f410bf6d32efb4d9193b54a78",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "After giving an outline of the quantization scheme based on the microscopic\nHopfield model of a dielectric bulk material, we show how the classical\nphenomenological Maxwell equations of the electromagnetic field in the presence\nof dielectric matter of given space- and frequency-dependent complex\npermittivity can be transferred to quantum theory. Including in the theory the\ninteraction of the medium-assisted field with atomic systems, we present both\nthe minimal-coupling Hamiltonian and the multipolar-coupling Hamiltonian in the\nCoulomb gauge. To illustrate the concept, we discuss the input--output\nrelations of radiation and the transformation of radiation-field quantum states\nat absorbing four-port devices, and the spontaneous decay of an excited atom\nnear the surface of an absorbing body and in a spherical micro-cavity with\nintrinsic material losses. Finally, we give an extension of the quantization\nscheme to other media such as amplifying media, magnetic media, and nonlinear\nmedia.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0006121",
    "authors": [
      "Ludwig Knoll",
      "Stefan Scheel",
      "Dirk-Gunnar Welsch"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "QED in dispersing and absorbing media",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0006121"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c8fd85e4-f23d-4ef1-b52b-0b8a6063adcf",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}