{
  "annotation_id": "aeeff156-34cf-49e9-b280-5c35171e32bf",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:29.151000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:29.151000Z",
  "file_hash": "0fdfa48d24e2d31a9d190d04b211ec71622b7324063a18d1df74ad628cd4fc6d",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present experimental observations of the onset of flow (liquefaction) for\nhorizontally vibrated granular materials. As the acceleration increases above\ncertain value, the top layer of granular material liquefies, while the\nremainder of the layer moves with the shaker in solid body motion. With\nincreasing acceleration, more of the layer becomes fluidized. The initial\nbifurcation is backward, and the amount of hysteresis depends mainly on\nfrictional properties of the granular media. A small amount of fluidization by\ngas flow lifts the hysteresis. Modest differences in the frictional properties\nof otherwise identical particles leads to rapid segregation.",
    "arxiv_id": "patt-sol/9704001",
    "authors": [
      "Sarath G. Tennakoon",
      "R. P. Behringer"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "patt-sol",
      "nlin.PS"
    ],
    "title": "Liquefaction of a Horizontally Vibrated Granular Bed: Friction, Dilation   and Segregation",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/patt-sol/9704001"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "adfa2f6d-1c53-4706-a156-821d72c92fbf",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}