dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaAuxiliary nRules of Quantum Mechanics
| Authors | Richard A Mould |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0505231 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0505231 |
| DOI | 10.1063/1.2158744 |
Abstract
Standard quantum mechanics makes use of four auxiliary rules that allow the Schrodinger solutions to be related to laboratory experience, such as the Born rule that connects square modulus to probability. These rules (here called the sRules) lead to some unacceptable results. They do not allow the primary observer to be part of the system. They do not allow individual observations (as opposed to ensembles) to be part of the system. They make a fundamental distinction between microscopic and macroscopic things, and they are ambiguous in their description of secondary observers such as Schrodingers cat. The nRules are an alternative set of auxiliary rules that avoid the above difficulties. In this paper we look at a wide range of representative experiments showing that the nRules adequately relate the Schrodinger solutions to empirical experience. This suggests that the sRules should be abandoned in favor of the more satisfactory nRules, or a third auxiliary rule-set called the oRules. Keywords: brain states, consciousness, decoherence, epistemology, measurement, ontology, stochastic, state reduction, wave collapse.
{
"annotation_id": "abbc796a-25b7-4c8a-8420-2da6bdae169c",
"date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:16.479000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:16.479000Z",
"file_hash": "066706c1fd568df7c7c732e35473c9f9e715e72ee609a5347eca08cdf04c95e2",
"private": false,
"record": {
"abstract": "Standard quantum mechanics makes use of four auxiliary rules that allow the\nSchrodinger solutions to be related to laboratory experience, such as the Born\nrule that connects square modulus to probability. These rules (here called the\nsRules) lead to some unacceptable results. They do not allow the primary\nobserver to be part of the system. They do not allow individual observations\n(as opposed to ensembles) to be part of the system. They make a fundamental\ndistinction between microscopic and macroscopic things, and they are ambiguous\nin their description of secondary observers such as Schrodingers cat.\n The nRules are an alternative set of auxiliary rules that avoid the above\ndifficulties. In this paper we look at a wide range of representative\nexperiments showing that the nRules adequately relate the Schrodinger solutions\nto empirical experience. This suggests that the sRules should be abandoned in\nfavor of the more satisfactory nRules, or a third auxiliary rule-set called the\noRules. Keywords: brain states, consciousness, decoherence, epistemology,\nmeasurement, ontology, stochastic, state reduction, wave collapse.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0505231",
"authors": [
"Richard A Mould"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"doi": "10.1063/1.2158744",
"title": "Auxiliary nRules of Quantum Mechanics",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0505231"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "929068c3-6479-4617-b5f6-bf0b02c0458a",
"id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
"version": "0.1.0"
},
"user_id": 1000002
}