{
  "annotation_id": "aaedb2b4-7839-4b66-befa-e425c16b2c5d",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:32.478000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:32.478000Z",
  "file_hash": "ca3c37fb5b9f227f8f73e5f5982af74438c19b6d80f233a052e5703c29b55592",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "At heavy ion colliders, two major sources of beam loss are expected to be\n$e^+e^-$ production, where the $e^-$ is bound to one of the nuclei, and\nphotonuclear excitation and decay via neutron emission. Both processes alter\nthe ions charged to mass ratio by well defined amounts, creating beams of\nparticles with altered magnetic rigidity. These beams will deposit their energy\nin a localized region of the accelerator, causing localized heating, The size\nof the target region depends on the collider optics. For medium and heavy ions,\nat design luminosity at the Large Hadron Collider, local heating may be more\nthan an order of magnitude higher than expected. This could cause magnet\nquenches if the local cooling is inadequate. The altered-rigidity beams will\nalso produce localized radiation damage. The beams could also be extracted and\nused for fixed target experiments.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0005032",
    "authors": [
      "Spencer R. Klein"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.acc-ph",
      "nucl-ex"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0168-9002(00)00995-5",
    "journal_ref": "Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A459:51-57,2001",
    "title": "Localized Beampipe Heating due to $e^-$ Capture and Nuclear Excitation   in Heavy Ion Colliders",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0005032"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "234470ef-d2fd-4d29-b6e1-ec70d0e322aa",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}