{
  "annotation_id": "aa46a31e-3902-4d4e-8fb3-8a40b2aa547f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:01.595000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:01.595000Z",
  "file_hash": "c4551ab182d3525fa78253d703afaef320a75b610c1150662418d7a5c4d832bc",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We investigate hadron production as well as transverse hadron spectra from\nproton-proton, proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions from 2 $A\\cdot$GeV\nto 21.3 $A\\cdot$TeV within two independent transport approaches (HSD and UrQMD)\nthat are based on quark, diquark, string and hadronic degrees of freedom. The\ncomparison to experimental data on transverse mass spectra from $pp$, $pA$ and\nC+C (or Si+Si) reactions shows the reliability of the transport models for\nlight systems. For central Au+Au (Pb+Pb) collisions at bombarding energies\nabove $\\sim$ 5 A$\\cdot$GeV, furthermore, the measured $K^{\\pm}$ transverse mass\nspectra have a larger inverse slope parameter than expected from the default\ncalculations. We investigate various scenarios to explore their potential\neffects on the $K^\\pm$ spectra. In particular the initial state Cronin effect\nis found to play a substantial role at top SPS and RHIC energies. However, the\nmaximum in the $K^+/\\pi^+$ ratio at 20 to 30 A$\\cdot$GeV is missed by ~40% and\nthe approximately constant slope of the $K^\\pm$ spectra at SPS energies is not\nreproduced either. Our systematic analysis suggests that the additional\npressure - as expected from lattice QCD calculations at finite quark chemical\npotential $\\mu_q$ and temperature $T$- should be generated by strong\ninteractions in the early pre-hadronic/partonic phase of central Au+Au (Pb+Pb)\ncollisions.",
    "arxiv_id": "nucl-th/0402026",
    "authors": [
      "E. L. Bratkovskaya",
      "M. Bleicher",
      "M. Reiter",
      "S. Soff",
      "H. Stoecker",
      "M. van Leeuwen",
      "S. Bass",
      "W. Cassing"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "nucl-th"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevC.69.054907",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.C69:054907,2004",
    "title": "Strangeness dynamics and transverse pressure in relativistic   nucleus-nucleus collisions",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0402026"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "76d06c28-94fd-4e48-921b-870516f198ff",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}