{
  "annotation_id": "aa43a92e-69df-43b5-b9a4-26917cbefafb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:42.796000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:42.796000Z",
  "file_hash": "bbdb7f465e58b20d710943019fd302d8f9deec5b859a209a3afb4f8982b20513",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A novel directional coupler with a left-handed material (LHM) layer between\ntwo single-mode waveguides of usual material is introduced. The coupling system\nis analyzed with the supermode theory. It is shown that such a LHM layer of\nfinite length can shorten significantly the coupling length for the two\nsingle-mode waveguides. A LHM layer with two slowly tapered ends is used to\navoid the reflection loss at the ends.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0306011",
    "authors": [
      "Sanshui Xiao",
      "Linfang Shen",
      "Sailing He"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1109/LPT.2003.818950",
    "journal_ref": "IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 16, 171-173 (2004)",
    "title": "A novel directional coupler utilizing a left-handed material",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0306011"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "545325ae-fe43-47a0-aa7d-7d20460e8081",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}