{
  "annotation_id": "a3f0cc62-7b5a-4c87-8007-3b2ba17a2ced",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:17.898000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:17.898000Z",
  "file_hash": "123706273b85ab6edd01e03cd3c909e7602693373ee8ac31186bad42427742a8",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Darwin (1920) noted that when radiation can be neglected it should be\npossible to eliminate the radiation degrees-of-freedom from the action of\nclassical electrodynamics and keep the discrete particle degrees-of-freedom\nonly. Darwin derived his well known Lagrangian by series expansion in $v/c$\nkeeping terms up to order $(v/c)^2$. Since radiation is due to acceleration the\nassumption of low speed should not be necessary. A Lagrangian is suggested that\nneglects radiation without assuming low speed. It cures deficiencies of the\nDarwin Lagrangian in the ultra-relativistic regime.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0701324",
    "authors": [
      "Hanno Essen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1209/0295-5075/79/60002",
    "journal_ref": "EPL 79 (2007) 60002",
    "title": "The exact Darwin Lagrangian",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0701324"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "42f402ca-da8f-430c-86de-5315ff19bca7",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}