{
  "annotation_id": "a13a5773-67a7-492e-b372-1cafeb852421",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.359000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.359000Z",
  "file_hash": "2a82499ba0a12cdfb8e4ae6280b040178664ec5c5339fea93e3cc7dc969322db",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Several years ago Schwinger proposed a physical mechanism for\nsonoluminescence in terms of photon production due to changes in the properties\nof the quantum-electrodynamic (QED) vacuum arising from a collapsing dielectric\nbubble. This mechanism can be re-phrased in terms of the Casimir effect and has\nrecently been the subject of considerable controversy. The present paper probes\nSchwinger\u0027s suggestion in detail: Using the sudden approximation we calculate\nBogolubov coefficients relating the QED vacuum in the presence of the expanded\nbubble to that in the presence of the collapsed bubble. In this way we derive\nan estimate for the spectrum and total energy emitted. We verify that in the\nsudden approximation there is an efficient production of photons, and further\nthat the main contribution to this dynamic Casimir effect comes from a volume\nterm, as per Schwinger\u0027s original calculation. However, we also demonstrate\nthat the timescales required to implement Schwinger\u0027s original suggestion are\nnot physically relevant to sonoluminescence. Although Schwinger was correct in\nhis assertion that changes in the zero-point energy lead to photon production,\nnevertheless his original model is not appropriate for sonoluminescence. In\nother works (see quant-ph/9805023, quant-ph/9904013, quant-ph/9904018,\nquant-ph/9905034) we have developed a variant of Schwinger\u0027s model that is\ncompatible with the physically required timescales.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9805031",
    "authors": [
      "S. Liberati",
      "F. Belgiorno",
      "Matt Visser",
      "D. W. Sciama"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat",
      "hep-ph",
      "hep-th"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0305-4470/33/11/307",
    "journal_ref": "J.Phys.A33:2251-2272,2000",
    "title": "Sonoluminescence as a QED vacuum effect: Probing Schwinger\u0027s proposal",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9805031"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "fc4d8ae6-e689-4771-bfda-b4b9f2360e0f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}