{
  "annotation_id": "9e4dd166-4004-42df-b863-c365377eac12",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:49.662000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:49.662000Z",
  "file_hash": "696d8570564743db714700b89f63de942499b57574bc426a1415920e7894d169",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The article sets forth comprehensive basics of thermodynamics of chemical\nequilibrium as balance of the thermodynamic forces. Based on the linear\nequations of irreversible thermodynamics, De Donder definition of the\nthermodynamic force, and Le Chatelier\u0027s principle, new thermodynamics of\nchemical equilibrium offers an explicit account for multiple chemical\ninteractions within the system. Basic relations between energetic\ncharacteristics of chemical transformations and reaction extents are based on\nthe idea of chemical equilibrium as balance between internal and external\nthermodynamic forces, which is presented in the form of a logistic equation,\ncontaining only one new parameter. Solutions to the basic equation define the\ndomain of states of the chemical system, from true equilibrium to true chaos.\nThe new theory is derived exclusively from the currently recognized ideas and\ncovers equilibrium thermodynamics as well as non-equilibrium thermodynamics in\na unique concept.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0404082",
    "authors": [
      "B. Zilbergleyt"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.chem-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Chemical Equilibrium as Balance of the Thermodynamic Forces",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0404082"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "1bc323e2-f7a9-4f68-bcaa-e26a66dd59bb",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}