{
  "annotation_id": "9d002893-7f92-44fb-8dc5-58556bc502db",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.367000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.367000Z",
  "file_hash": "e6cfe6c6ba526575baf7d813ea06b6dd3f07589564189ef61b39998db85bdd06",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A huge discrepancy between the zero-point energy calculated from quantum\ntheory and the observed quantity in the Universe has been one of the most\nillusive problems in physics. In order to examine the measurability of\nzero-point energy, we construct reference frames in a given measurement using\nobservables. Careful and explicit construction of the reference frames\nsurprisingly reveals that not only is the harmonic oscillator fluctuating at\nthe ground level, but so is the reference frame when the measurement is\nrealized. The argument is then extended to examine the measurability of vacuum\nenergy for a quantized electromagnetic field, and it is shown that while\nzero-point energy calculated from quantum theory diverges to infinity, it is\nnot measurable.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0703124",
    "authors": [
      "Daegene Song"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "gr-qc"
    ],
    "title": "Immeasurability of Zero-point Energy in the Cosmological Constant   problem",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0703124"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7ee9fccc-8758-4114-be8b-48ea17c9f13f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}