{
  "annotation_id": "9a59fe9c-a3d6-4ccc-841e-e27ab161ecf0",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:37.193000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:37.193000Z",
  "file_hash": "773fe2f2938b8795c4e97412a842f4c07359e6a2b5b8e39e51a2971af98a6d65",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We give an explicit prescription for experimentally determining the evolution\noperators which completely describe the dynamics of a quantum mechanical black\nbox -- an arbitrary open quantum system. We show necessary and sufficient\nconditions for this to be possible, and illustrate the general theory by\nconsidering specifically one and two quantum bit systems. These procedures may\nbe useful in the comparative evaluation of experimental quantum measurement,\ncommunication, and computation systems.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9610001",
    "authors": [
      "Isaac L. Chuang",
      "M. A. Nielsen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1080/09500349708231894",
    "title": "Prescription for experimental determination of the dynamics of a quantum   black box",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9610001"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "fd29fc21-95a9-4c26-90d7-11d02b43a417",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}