{
  "annotation_id": "984c1a1e-8dd6-4219-9e52-c1ff78637792",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:16.681000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:16.681000Z",
  "file_hash": "75f1d76107b62ebf8b4513d59684fc89f5710eed9616cfc121d5a21828da2288",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We study the effect of photothermal fluctuations on squeezed states of light\nthrough the photo-refractive effect and thermal expansion in a degenerate\noptical parametric amplifier (OPA). We also discuss the effect of the\nphotothermal noise in various cases and how to minimize its undesirable\nconsequences. We find that the photothermal noise in the OPA introduces a\nsignificant amount of noise on phase squeezed beams, making them less than\nideal for low frequency applications such as gravitational wave (GW)\ninterferometers, whereas amplitude squeezed beams are relatively immune to the\nphotothermal noise and may represent the best choice for application in GW\ninterferometers.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0505154",
    "authors": [
      "Keisuke Goda",
      "Kirk McKenzie",
      "Eugeniy E. Mikhailov",
      "Ping Koy Lam",
      "David McClelland",
      "Nergis Mavalvala"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.72.043819",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 72, 043819 (2005)",
    "title": "Photothermal Fluctuations as a Fundamental Limit to Low-Frequency   Squeezing in a Degenerate Optical Parametric Amplifier",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0505154"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d8c9442e-73c0-437b-a9e4-a771c48b554f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}